The effect of the input and output hypothesis on learning a new language is examined in this research. The primary method of mother tongue learning is subconscious listening absorption, which happens when language and culture naturally blend together in a communicative setting. Foreign language learning, on the other hand, is devoid of this context and depends on strategies like imitation and reading. For output to occur, input must first occur. Building output capabilities requires adequate and rule-compliant language input. Because it represents learning objectives and has the power to inspire learners to improve, output is equally significant. Speaking and writing are necessary for output in the application of learning, but listening and reading are necessary for input. Studying overseas or interacting with foreign teachers might provide students with additional input and output opportunities. The "comprehensible output hypothesis" was proposed by linguist Swain shortly after the "language input hypothesis" was proposed by linguist Krashen. These two theories offer direction for learning a second language. In order to improve learning efficacy, learners should become proficient in these hypotheses, increase comprehensible input, be output-oriented, and use the mother tongue learning paradigm to support second language acquisition.

Input hypothesis;Output hypothesis;Comprehensible input;Language environment

[1] Anderson, N. J. (2013). Reading instruction. In A. Burns & J. C. Richards (Eds.), The Cambridge guide to pedagogy and practice in second language teaching (pp. 218). Cambridge: Cambridge university press. [2] Merrill Swain (April 27, 2018). The Output Hypothesis: Just Speaking and Writing Aren't Enough. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.50.1.158. [3] Swain, M. and Lapkin, S. (1995). Problems in output and the cognitive processes they generate: A step towards second language learning. Applied Linguistics 16: 371-391, p. 371. [4] Swain M. Communicative Competence: Some Rules of Comprehensible Input and Comprehensible Output in its Development[A]. In S Gass & C Madden (eds.). Input in Second Language Acquisition [C]. Rowley, MA: Newbury House, 1985. 235-253.

DOI： https://doi.org/10.62639/sspjiess13.20250203

Published： 2025